What is Infertility Treatments?

Medical Treatments

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♀ For Females:
   •    Ovulation Induction (OI)
– Medications like Clomiphene citrate (Clomid), Letrozole, or gonadotropins stimulate ovulation.
   •    Metformin
– Used in PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) to improve insulin sensitivity and restore ovulation.
   •    Hormonal Therapy
– Corrects issues like thyroid disorders, hyperprolactinemia, or luteal phase defects.

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♂ For Males:
   •    Hormonal Treatments
– Treat low testosterone, pituitary dysfunction, or high prolactin.
   •    Antibiotics
– For treating infections in the reproductive tract.

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🧬 Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)

For Both:
   •    Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
– Sperm is washed and inserted directly into the uterus around ovulation.
   •    In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
– Eggs are retrieved, fertilized in a lab, and resulting embryo(s) transferred to the uterus.
   •    Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
– A single sperm is injected into an egg (often used with IVF when male factor infertility is involved).
   •    Egg or Sperm Donation
– Used when one partner has no viable gametes.
   •    Surrogacy
– Another woman carries the pregnancy if the intended mother can’t.

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🔧 Surgical Treatments

♀ For Females:
   •    Laparoscopy/Hysteroscopy
– To remove fibroids, polyps, endometriosis, or adhesions.
   •    Tubal Surgery
– To open blocked fallopian tubes or reverse tubal ligation.

♂ For Males:
   •    Varicocele Repair
– To improve sperm quality.
   •    Vasectomy Reversal
   •    Sperm Retrieval Procedures
– Like TESE or PESA, used in azoospermic men during IVF with ICSI.

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🧠 Lifestyle and Supportive Therapies
   •    Weight management
   •    Smoking/alcohol cessation
   •    Stress reduction
   •    Fertility counseling and support groups
   •    Timed intercourse based on ovulation tracking